Tag: the endocrine system

Questions Related to the endocrine system

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood. ............. transports it to the target organs .................. 

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Blood, target organ

  2. Effector organ, blood

  3. Ducts, target organ

  4. Capillaries, target organ

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood for transportation to the effector organ. The effector organ can also be called as a target organ. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Structure responsible for formation of sigmoid notch is

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Olecranon process of humerus

  2. Olecranon process of femur

  3. Olecranon process of radius ulna

  4. Olecranon process of tibia fibula

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ulna projects beyond the radius as an oleander process which has a deep sub terminal sigmoid notch for articulation with the distal end of humerus.

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system?

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus

  2. Organs in the body like gastrointestine tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones

  3. Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones

  4. Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Adenohypophysis is not under direct regulation of the hypothalamus. Neurohypophysis is under direct regulation of the hypothalamus.

Organs in the body like gastrointestine tract produce peptide hormones, heart produce atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) hormone, kidney produce erythropoietin and liver produce angiotensinogen.
Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger. They are secreted from endocrine glands. They act on their target organ and carry out specific functions.
Releasing and inhibitory hormone like Thyrotropin releasing hormone and dopamine, respectively, are produced by the hypothalamus.
Statement C is correct in relation to the endocrine system.

Which of the following disease results from endocrine disorder?

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Goitre

  2. Jaundice

  3. Typhoid

  4. Pneumonia

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

(A) Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. A goiter is associated with the thyroid which is not functioning properly.

(B) Jaundice is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin. 
(C) Typhoid is a bacterial infection that spreads through contaminated water and food.
(D) Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.
So the correct option is goiter. 

Choose the correct option among the following.

Column A Column B
A. Epinephrine (i) Stimulates in muscle growth
B. Testosterone (ii) Decrease in blood pressure
C. Glucagon (iii) Breakdown of liver glycogen
D. Atrial natriuretic factor (iv) Increases heart beat
zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  2. A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii)

  3. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  4. A-(i), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A. Role of epinephrine and non- epinephrine- They whip up metabolism for preparing the animal to face special conditions created by physical stress such as fall in BP or blood sugar, anger, fear etc..All these conditions require more energy which is provided by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, sugar level of blood.

B. Testosterone- It stimulates the development of male accessory sex characters such as hair on the face, growth and distribution of hair on the body, stronger bones and muscles.
C. Glucagon- It is secreted by alpha cells of the islands of Langerhans in response to a fall in the blood glucose level. It brings about change of liver glycogen to blood glucose( glycogenolysis).
D. Atrial natriuretic factor- The cells, called cardiocytes, of the atria secrete a peptide, ANF in response to an increased return of the venous blood. This hormone regulates the blood volume through increased excretion of ions and water.
So, the correct answer is 'A-(iv), B-(1), C-(iii), D-(ii)'.

Which of the following match is correct?

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Hormone-Oxytocin, Effect-Milk ejection hormone

  2. Hormone-Glucagon, Effect-Decreases blood sugar level

  3. Hormone-Adrenaline, Effect-Decreases heart rate

  4. Hormone-Thyroxine, Effect-Decreases BMR

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Oxytocin- Milk ejection hormone
Glucagon- Increases blood sugar level
Adrenaline- Increases heart rate
Thyroxine- Increases BMR.

Endocrine glands secrete their secretion in 

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Blood

  2. Lymph

  3. Urine

  4. Endometrium

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Endocrine glands are the part of an endocrine system that produces hormones and other secretions directly into the blood, They include pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, testis, hypothalamus, etc. Blood helps transport these hormones faster to the target organs, thereby helping in its action. So, the correct answer is option A.

Given below are four statements (A - D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.
(A) Thymus secretes (i)_ which help in differentiation of (ii).
(B) The adrenal medulla secretes (i) which stimulates the breakdown of (ii) to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.
(C) The Leydig's cells or (i) present in the intertubular spaced in testis, produce a group of hormone called (ii).
(D) Thyroid gland secrestes __(i)_ and triiodothyronine. (ii) is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid.

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. (A) - (i) melatonin, (ii) T- lymphocytes
    (B) - (i) adrenaline, (ii) fat

  2. (B) - (i) catecholamines, (ii) glycogen
    (C) - (i) interstitial cells, (ii) progesterone

  3. (B) - (i) catecholamines, (ii) glycogen
    (D) - (i) thyroxine, (ii) iodine

  4. (A) - (i) thymosin, (ii) T- lymphocytes
    (D) - (i) parathyroid hormone, (ii) calcium

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

1.       (B) The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines which stimulate the breakdown of glycogen to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.

(D) The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Iodine is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland.

So, the correct answer is '(B) - (i) catecholamines, (ii) glycogen
(D) - (i) thyroxine, (ii) iodine'.

Endocrine glands have _________ to carry their secretions to the specific organ.

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Capillaries

  2. Tubules

  3. No ducts

  4. Ducts

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Endocrine glands lack ducts and pass their secretions into the surrounding blood for transport to the site of action. They are also called ductless glands. Their secretions are known as hormones.

Ductless glands are also known as

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Salivary glands

  2. Endocrine glands

  3. Exocrine glands

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The endocrine gland is called the ductless glands because there are no ducts in the glands. The products such as hormones are secreted and goes directly to the bloodstream. So there is no need for glands to collect and distribute the products, it just goes straight to the blood. Exocrine glands are the ones that do require ducts.