Tag: the endocrine system

Questions Related to the endocrine system

Adrenal gland is derived from

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Endoderm

  2. Ectoderm

  3. Mesoderm

  4. Ectoderm and mesoderm

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
During embryonic stages, three germ layers are formed which give rise to various organs of foetus. The three germ layers are:
  • Outer layer ectoderm
  • Middle layer mesoderm
  • Inner layer endoderm
Adrenal gland has two parts, adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
Adrenal cortex is derived from mesoderm and adrenal medulla is derived from ectoderm.
So, the correct answer is 'Ectoderm and mesoderm'.

Which of the following is the hormone secreted by zona fasciculate?

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Aldosterone

  2. Cortisol

  3. Androstenedione

  4. Mineralocoricoids

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Correct Option: A

Hormone controlling Na$^+$ - K$^+$ ion concentration is 

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Aldosterone

  2. Antidiuretic hormone

  3. Progesterone

  4. Pitocin

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex. It maintains the electrolyte balance in the body by reducing the loss of sodium through urine and sweat. Hence, it controls Na⁺ - K⁺ ion concentration.
B. Anti diuretic hormone (ADH), is secreted from the posterior part of pituitary gland. This hormone increases reabsorption of water in kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production.
C. Progesterone is a steroid female sex hormone which is also known as pregnancy hormone. It maintains the inner lining of uterus which aids in implantation of embryo in the uterus. 
D. Pitocin is synthetic form of oxytocin. Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary and helps in the contraction of uterus during childbirth and also stimulates release of milk from mammary glands i.e. lactation.
So, the correct answer is 'Aldosterone'.

Which of the following leads to the secretion of Aldosterone from the Adrenal cortex?

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Chymotrypsin

  2. Trypsin

  3. Renin

  4. Rennin

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Correct Option: A

The tube that passes out of the Hilus is called ___________.

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Medulla

  2. Pelvis

  3. Ureter

  4. Collecting duct

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Correct Option: A

The fight-or-flight response is developed by the hormones of

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. hypothalamus

  2. middle pituitary

  3. adrenal medulla

  4. adrenal cortex

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called adrenaline or epinephrine and noradrenaline or norepinephrine. These are commonly called as catecholamines. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are rapidly secreted in response to the stress of any kind and during emergency situations and are called emergency hormones or hormones of Fight or Flight.

So the correct option is adrenal medulla.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
The adrenal glands lie in contact with the back of the:

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. kidneys

  2. pancreas

  3. thyroid

  4. hypothalamus

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Our body had one pair of adrenal glands, one at the anterior part of each kidney. The gland is composed of two types of tissues. The centrally located tissue is called the adrenal medulla and outside this lies the adrenal cortex.

So the correct answer is kidneys.

Which of the following is a mineralocorticoid?

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Testosterone

  2. Progesterone

  3. Adrenaline

  4. Aldosterone

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Aldosterone is a major mineralocorticoid, secreted by adrenal cortex. It regulates mineral metabolism and controls the sodium and potassium ratio in the extracellular and intracellular fluid. Therefore, it is called salt-retaining hormone.

Reabsorption of $Na^+$ is controlled by which one of the following hormones?

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Aldosterone

  2. Estrogen

  3. Glucocorticoids

  4. Testosterone

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Aldosterone(secreted by adrenal medulla) acts mainly on the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of $Na^+$ and water and excretion of $K^+$ and phosphate ions.

Glucocorticoid hormones are secreted by the:

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. adrenal medulla

  2. islets of Langerhans

  3. parafollicular cells

  4. adrenal cortex

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

(a) The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called adrenaline and noradrenaline.

(b) The pancreas is a composite glans which acts as both exocrine and endocrine gland. The endocrine pancreas consists of Islets of Langerhans. 
(c) Parafollicular cells are neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid which primary function is to secrete calcitonin.
(d) The adrenal cortex secretes many hormones called as corticoids. The corticoids which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are called glucocorticoids. 
So the correct option is adrenal cortex.