Tag: the endocrine system

Questions Related to the endocrine system

Match column I (hormone) with column II (endocrine gland) and column Ill (function) and select the correct option from the given codes.

Column I Column II Column III
1. Melatonin A. Thyroid (i) Acts on the renal tubules
2. MSH B. Adrenal (ii) Regulates blood calcium level
3. Aldosterone C. Pituitary (iii) Maintains diurnal rhythm of our body
4. TCT D. Pineal (iv) Acts on the melanocytes
zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. 4-A-(iv), 3-D-(iii), 1-B-(ii), 2-C-(i)

  2. 1-D-(iii), 2-C-(iv), 3-B-(i), 4-A-(ii)

  3. 1-B-(i), 4-A-(iii), 3-C-(ii), 2-D-(iv)

  4. 2-D-(ii), 1-B-(i), 4-C-(iv), 3-A-(iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Melatonin is secreted from Pineal gland and maintains diurnal rhythm of our body. MSH is secreted from Pituitary and actson melanocytes. Aldosteron is secreted from Adrenal gland and  acts on renal tubules. TCT is secreted from Thyroid gland and regulates blood calcium level. 
So, the correct option is '1-D-(iii), 2-C-(iv), 3-B-(i), 4-A-(ii)'

Which one of the following is a voluntary action?

zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Heart beat

  2. Salivation

  3. Chewing

  4. Digestion

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The voluntary nervous system helps us take voluntary actions which are under the conscious control of the brain. Chewing is an action performed by us knowingly and is, therefore, a voluntary action.

Select the right match of endocrone gland and their hormones among the options given.

A. Pineal (i) Epinephrine
B. Thyroid (ii) Melatonin
C. Ovary (iii) Estrogen
D. Adrenal medulla (iv) Tetraiodothyronin
zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(i)

  2. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(iii)

  3. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)

  4. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i)

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A. Pineal: It secretes a hormone named melatonin. It causes the concentration of pigment granules in the melanocytes, making the skin colour lighter in certain animals.

B. Thyroid: The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin. T$ _4$ regulate oxidation of food. Excess cause goitre.
C. Ovary: It secretes Oestrogen, Progesterone, Relaxin. Estrogen function is to develop female genital organs and accessory sexual characters. 
D. Adrenal medulla: It releases epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. Its function is to whip up metabolism in an emergency by increasing heartbeat, blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood sugar level etc.
So, the correct answer is 'A-(ii), B- (iv), C-(iii), D-(i)'.

Which of the following is incorrect about adrenal glands?

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. It secretes hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood.

  2. It secretes hormones which maintain the sugar balance in the blood

  3. It is under the control of pituitary gland

  4. It helps the body to adjust to stress.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It does not secrets hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood. It secretes hormones which helps to maintain the body's salt and water level, regulates blood pressure.

Name the hormone released during the following events$:$
A frightened person

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Testosterone

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Adrenaline

  4. Growth hormone

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Adrenaline is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, the output of the heart, pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals and some single cell organisms. Hence, the hormone released by a frightened person is Adrenaline.
So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline'.

Our body retains NaCl, during the periods of excessive heat. Which of the following triggers this action?

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Aldosterone

  2. Progesterone

  3. ACTH

  4. Epinephrine

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Body fluid volume disturbances involve an imbalance of intake and loss.
  • Aldosterone plays a central role in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure, plasma sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) levels.
  •  It does so primarily by acting on the mineralocorticoid receptors in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron.
  •  It influences the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium of the kidney, thereby indirectly influencing water retention or loss, blood pressure and blood volume.
  •  When dysregulated, aldosterone is pathogenic and contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal disease. Aldosterone has exactly the opposite function of the atrial natriuretic hormone secreted by the heart. Hence, Our body retains NaCl, during the periods of excessive heat and aldosterone triggers this action.
So, the correct answer is 'Aldosterone'.

Adrenal gland is associated with

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Pharynx

  2. Pancreas

  3. Kidney

  4. Brain

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Pharynx is a part of alimentary canal that connects nose and mouth to the oesophagus.
B. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
C. Kidneys are the bean shaped paired organs present I the abdominal cavity. Each kidney has an adrenal gland on its upper region. Adrenal gland is composed of adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
D. Brain is the central organ of nervous system.
Hence, adrenal glands are associated with kidneys. 
So, the correct answer is 'Kidney'.

In urinary, system, aldosterone takes part in retention (reabsorption) of

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. $Ca^{2+}$

  2. $ K^+$

  3. $Na^+$

  4. Water

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In urinary, system, aldosterone takes part in retention of sodium ions. The ADH released by posterior pituitary triggers the release of aldosterone which increases the concentration of sodium ions in the blood. The increased salt concentration in the blood increases the blood osmotic potential which further increases reabsorption of water and incraeses the blood volume and blood pressure.

So, the correct answer is 'Na$^+$'.

Find out the correct layers in T.S. of adrenal gland.

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Medulla, Zona fasciculata, Zona reticularis, Zona glomerulosa

  2. Zona glomerulosa, Medulla, Zona reticularis, Zona fasciculata

  3. Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, Zona reticularis, Medulla

  4. Zona reticularis, Zona fasciculata, Zona glomerulosa, Medulla

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Adrenal glands are paired glands located at the anterior part of the kidneys. It is composed of two types of tissues, adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is located at the centre and the adrenal cortex lies outside the adrenal medulla. Adrenal cortex is divided into three layers - zona reticularis (innermost layer of the adrenal cortex), zona fasciculata (middle layer of the adrenal cortex) and zona glomerulosa (outermost layer of the adrenal cortex). The correct layers in T.S of adrenal gland is zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis and medulla.
So, the correct answer is 'zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis and medulla'.

Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect secretion of

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Andlostenedione and dehydroepian-drosterone

  2. Adrenaline

  3. Cortisol

  4. Aldosterone

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Adrenaline is secreted from adrenal medulla in response to stress conditions in the body. Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (form of androgens), cortisol and aldosterone are corticoid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex. They are steroid hormones that regulate water balance and electrolyte balance in the body. Adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and sexocorticoids (androgens).   
So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline'.