Tag: molecular basis of inheritance

Questions Related to molecular basis of inheritance

The genome of Caenorhabditis elgans consists of

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. 3 billion base pairs and 30,000 genes

  2. 180 million base pairs and 13,000 genes

  3. 4.7 million base pairs and 4,000 genes

  4. 97 million base pairs and 18,000 genes

  5. 12 million base pairs and 6,000 genes

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Correct Option: D

Number of genes believed to be present in a human being is

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. 1000

  2. 10,000

  3. 100,000

  4. 1,000,000

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The human genome consists of 50,000 to 100,000 genes located on 23 pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome in each pair is inherited from the mother, the other from the father. Each chromosome contains a long molecule of DNA, the chemical of which genes are made. 

So, the correct answer is '100,000.'

Genetic code translates the language of __________________.

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. Amino acids into that of RNA

  2. RNA into that of protein

  3. Protein into that of DNA

  4. RNA into that of DNA

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Correct Option: B

Nucleotide pairs present in human genes vary between

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. 100 - 1000

  2. 500 - 5000

  3. 2000 - 2,000,000

  4. 10,000 - 10,000,000

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The human genome consists of 50,000 to 100,000 genes located on 23 pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome in each pair is inherited from the mother, the other from the father. Each chromosome contains a long molecule of DNA, the chemical of which genes are made. Genes are of differing length, ranging in size from roughly 2,000 to as many as 2,000,000 base pairs. 

So, the correct answer is '2000-2,000,000.'

Total number of base pairs found in human genome is?

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. $3.5$ million

  2. $35000$

  3. $35$ billion

  4. $3.1$ billion

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The human genome of Homo sapiens is stored on 23 chromosome pairs. 22 of these are autosomal chromosome pairs, while the remaining pair is sex-determining. The haploid human genome occupies a total of just over 3 billion DNA base pairs that means 6 billion base pairs per diploid cell.
So, the correct answer is '3.1 billion'.

According to finding from the Human Genome Project, there are about 25000 genes but there are amny more different polypeptides. Which of the following processes might explain the discrepancy between number of genes and polypeptides?
(1) Mutations
(2) Post-translational modifications
(3) Crossing over during meiosis
(4) Alternating splicing of RNA transcripts

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. 1 & 2

  2. 2 & $

  3. 1,3 & 4

  4. 3 & 4

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Correct Option: A

The commonly used hosts in HGP ________________.

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. Bacteria and yeast

  2. Bacteria and fungi

  3. Protozoa and bacteria

  4. Plants and fungi

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Correct Option: A

Select the wrong statement.

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. The human genome contains $3164.7$ million nucleotide bases

  2. Less than $10\%$ of the genome codes for protein

  3. Repeated sequences make up very large portion of the human genome

  4. Chromosome $1$ has most genes $(2968)$ and Y has the fewest $(231)$

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A human being has an estimated 30,000 genes located on 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). These genes are known, collectively, as the human genome, with a total of about 3 billion DNA base pairs. Thus, option A is correct.

Each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes, which carry the instructions for making proteins. Each of the estimated 30,000 genes in the human genome makes an average of three proteins. Protein-coding sequences (specifically, coding exons) constitute less than 1.5% of the human genome. Aside from genes (exons and introns) and known regulatory sequences (8–20%), the human genome contains regions of noncoding DNA. More than 90 percent of the genome is noncoding DNA, sometimes called "junk" DNA, that has no known function. Therefore, option B seems correct.

Repeated Sequences (also known as repetitive elements or repeats) are patterns of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies (in arrays of tandemly repeated sequence or dispersed repeats) throughout the genome. They have been recognized as a potential source of genetic variation and regulation, with over two-thirds of a sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans. Thus, Option C is correct.

Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, representing approximately 8 percent of the total DNA in cells. Two copies of chromosome 1, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs, containing around 2000 genes that provide instructions for making different proteins.
The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans (the other is the X chromosome). The Y chromosome (found in males) represents almost 2 percent of the total DNA in cells. It likely contains 60-70 genes that provide instructions for making proteins, involved in male sex determination and development. Therefore, Option D although correct shows wrong numbers.

The total number of nitrogenous bases in human genom is estimated to be about

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. 3.5 million

  2. 35 thousand

  3. 35 million

  4. 3.3 billion

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Human genome has around 21,000 genes in its 3.3 billion base pairs haploid genome. The haploid DNA content of a cell is called as C-value. The C-value paradox is concerned with presence of excessive amounts of DNA in eukaryotic cells and the difference of C-value between eukaryotic species having similar complexity. Presence of large amount of base pairs is explained on the basis of large amount of structural DNA and junk DNA in chromosomes. Thus, correct answer is '3.3 billion'.

The appropriate description of animal hormones is _____________.

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. Have size smaller than 5 kDa

  2. Comprise of proteins only

  3. Comprise of lipid molecule only

  4. Are pour directly into the blood

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Correct Option: D