Tag: human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Questions Related to human genome project and dna fingerprinting

According to finding from the Human Genome Project, there are about 25000 genes but there are amny more different polypeptides. Which of the following processes might explain the discrepancy between number of genes and polypeptides?
(1) Mutations
(2) Post-translational modifications
(3) Crossing over during meiosis
(4) Alternating splicing of RNA transcripts

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. 1 & 2

  2. 2 & $

  3. 1,3 & 4

  4. 3 & 4

Show answer
Correct Option: A

The commonly used hosts in HGP ________________.

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. Bacteria and yeast

  2. Bacteria and fungi

  3. Protozoa and bacteria

  4. Plants and fungi

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Select the wrong statement.

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. The human genome contains $3164.7$ million nucleotide bases

  2. Less than $10\%$ of the genome codes for protein

  3. Repeated sequences make up very large portion of the human genome

  4. Chromosome $1$ has most genes $(2968)$ and Y has the fewest $(231)$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A human being has an estimated 30,000 genes located on 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). These genes are known, collectively, as the human genome, with a total of about 3 billion DNA base pairs. Thus, option A is correct.

Each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes, which carry the instructions for making proteins. Each of the estimated 30,000 genes in the human genome makes an average of three proteins. Protein-coding sequences (specifically, coding exons) constitute less than 1.5% of the human genome. Aside from genes (exons and introns) and known regulatory sequences (8–20%), the human genome contains regions of noncoding DNA. More than 90 percent of the genome is noncoding DNA, sometimes called "junk" DNA, that has no known function. Therefore, option B seems correct.

Repeated Sequences (also known as repetitive elements or repeats) are patterns of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies (in arrays of tandemly repeated sequence or dispersed repeats) throughout the genome. They have been recognized as a potential source of genetic variation and regulation, with over two-thirds of a sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans. Thus, Option C is correct.

Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, representing approximately 8 percent of the total DNA in cells. Two copies of chromosome 1, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs, containing around 2000 genes that provide instructions for making different proteins.
The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans (the other is the X chromosome). The Y chromosome (found in males) represents almost 2 percent of the total DNA in cells. It likely contains 60-70 genes that provide instructions for making proteins, involved in male sex determination and development. Therefore, Option D although correct shows wrong numbers.

The total number of nitrogenous bases in human genom is estimated to be about

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. 3.5 million

  2. 35 thousand

  3. 35 million

  4. 3.3 billion

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Human genome has around 21,000 genes in its 3.3 billion base pairs haploid genome. The haploid DNA content of a cell is called as C-value. The C-value paradox is concerned with presence of excessive amounts of DNA in eukaryotic cells and the difference of C-value between eukaryotic species having similar complexity. Presence of large amount of base pairs is explained on the basis of large amount of structural DNA and junk DNA in chromosomes. Thus, correct answer is '3.3 billion'.

The appropriate description of animal hormones is _____________.

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. Have size smaller than 5 kDa

  2. Comprise of proteins only

  3. Comprise of lipid molecule only

  4. Are pour directly into the blood

Show answer
Correct Option: D

The most detailed genetic map is 

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. Cytogenetic

  2. Linkage

  3. Physical

  4. Sequence

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Which of the following is the largest gene in humans?

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. Dystrophin

  2. Insulin

  3. Titin

  4. Phosphofructokinase

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Dystrophin is a cytoplasmic rod-shaped protein consisting of which is chiefly situated in skeletal & cardiac muscles. It's formation includes the largest gene with 2.6 Mb and 97 exons. Small quantity of dystrophin is also present in the brain nerve cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Dystrophin'

Which of the following can improve the diagnosis of many genetic disorder?

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. PCR

  2. Human genome project

  3. DNA fingerprinting

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Which of the following is not an aim of human genome project?

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. To sequence the genome of selected model organism

  2. Eliminate all disease

  3. To sequence EST fragments of cDNA in both human and mice

  4. To develop computational tool for analysing sequence information

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Human Genome Project was a 13-year-old project started by US department of energy and National Institute of Health for sequencing the Human Genome.

The main objectives of the HGP were to- 

  • Determine the sequence of 3.2 billion base pairs of Human Genome.
  • Identify all the genes of the genome and determine their functions.
  • To store this information and database.
  • This project may result in many ethical legal and social issue which needs to be addressed and solved.

 So, the correct option is 'Eliminate all disease'

Lily has .......... more DNA than human genome.

zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

  1. 10 times

  2. 4 times

  3. 20 times

  4. 18 times

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The main aim of the Human Genome Project was to determine the sequence of 3.2 billion base pairs of Human Genome and to identify their functions.

It was found that Human Genome contains around 30,000 jeans and 99.9% of nucleotide bases and all human beings are same.
The amount of genes present in Lily is 18 times more than the Human Genome.

So, the correct option is '18times'.