Tag: history of classification of organisms

Questions Related to history of classification of organisms

First plant classification was given by

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Linnaeus

  2. John Ray

  3. Theophrastus

  4. Darwin

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Theophrastus is considered father of botany. He was the Greek philosopher and the first to attempt to classify plants on the basis of their morphological features. On the basis of their height, girth and branches, the plants were classified as tree, shrubs, sub-shrubs and herbs.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following book was written by Theophrastus?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. 'Enquiry into Plants'

  2. 'On the Causes of Plants'

  3. 'Historia Plantarum'

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Theophrastus is considered father of botany. He was the Greek philosopher and the first to attempt to classify plants of the basis of their morphological features. On the basis of their height, girth and branches, the plants were classified as tree, shrubs, sub-shrubs and herbs. He considered the trees as most advanced plant and classified around 500 plant species of plants which are mentioned in his book Historia Plantarum. Enquiry into Plants and On the Causes of Plants were also penned by him. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Typological concept of species was given by

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Mendel

  2. Aristole and Plato

  3. John Ray

  4. Hutchinson

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The typological concept of species was proposed by Aristotle and Plato. According to this concept 'There is a definite type or pattern of characters in each species of every living organisms and all the members of species show maximum resemblance with this pattern. The species in which a fixed pattern of characters is present are called as monotypic species.
So, the correct option is 'Aristotle and Plato'.

Scala Naturae was written by

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Hippocrates

  2. Thales

  3. Aristotle

  4. Theophrastus

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Scala Naturae (Natural Ladder) was written by Aristotle to organize all things in the natural world, living and non-living. Aristotle's Scala Naturae showed a continuum from 'lower' forms of matter to 'higher' forms of matter. 

So, the correct option is 'Aristotle'.

The scientist who first gave the dynamic concept of species 

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Julian Huxley

  2. Linnaeus

  3. Lamarck

  4. John Ray

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The dynamic concept of species was given by Lamarck. According to this concept 'Species is always changeable'. Changes always occur in the characters of species from one generation to the next generation. And these changes are known as evolution.

So, the correct option is 'Lamarck'.

Great chain of being is

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Biblian concept of origin of life.

  2. Hierarchical arrangement of organisms by Aristotle.

  3. Hierarchical arrangement of animals by Theophrastus.

  4. Origin of Life by Thales.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Aristotle developed the idea of Scala Naturae (Natural Ladder) which came to be known as the Great chain of being to organize all things in the natural world, living and non-living. It showed a continuum from 'lower' forms of matter to 'higher' forms of matter. 
  • The Scala Naturae ranged from inanimate matter (minerals) as the 'lowest', then up to plants, then to animals. The 'highest' things on the ladder are humans.
So, the correct option is 'Hierarchical arrangement of organisms by Aristotle'.

Aristotle wrote

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Historia Animalium.

  2. De Partibus Animalium.

  3. De Generatione Animalium.

  4. All the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist who gave the original classification of living organisms based on environment, movement and structural similarities. Some of the most important books by Aristotle include Historia Animalium, De Partibus Animalium and De Generation Animalium. So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.

According to Susruta Samhita, Virudha consisted of

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Flowering plants.

  2. Shrubs.

  3. Osadhi.

  4. Jangama.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • The Sushruta Samhita is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subject to survive from the ancient world.
  • The Susruta Samhita was written by the famous physician and surgeon Susruta in the 6th century BC who taught at the University of Benares (alternatively Kasi or Varanasi) on the Ganges River.
  • According to Susruta Samhita, Virudha consisted of shrubs.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Shrubs'

Number of plants described by Linnaeus is

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. 15000

  2. 13291

  3. 5900

  4. 2781

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, and zoologist laid the foundations for the modern biological naming scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology.
The establishment of universally accepted conventions for the naming of organisms was Linnaeus' main contribution to taxonomy—the starting point of consistent use of binomial nomenclature in his books like Systema Natura, Species Plantarum, Genera Plantarum in which he described 5900 plants in total.
So, the correct option is '5900'.

Consider the following statements with reference to criterion/criteria used in the classification of plants in the engler and Prantl's system.
a. The families were arranged according to the increasing complexity of flower and fruit.
b. In flowering plants absence of perianth was considered as a primitive character
c. Monocots were considered to be more primitive than dicots
d. Unisexual flowers were derived from bisexual flowers.
Which of the statements given are correct?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. $1$ and $2$

  2. $1$ and $4$

  3. $1, 2$ and $3$

  4. $2, 3$ and $4$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  1. In the rules of nomenclature, families are arranged according to the arrangement of the complexity of flower (position of the gynoecium, the arrangement of anthers etc) and fruit (originated from ovary, or from thalamus ).
  2. Perianth means the fusion of calyx and corolla (lily) but similar structure also found in mosses and liverworts (bryophytes) and as these are the primitive plant it is supposed that perianth is a primitive character.
  3. Monocots were considered more advanced than dicots in the way of photosynthesis they have more advance system and are called C$ _4$ plants and their vascular bundles, the arrangement of leaves etc are much different and evolved the dicots.
  4. Plants adopted unisexuality and evolved from bisexuality to prevent genetic depression it is one of the most common methods of prevention of Autogamy and geitonogamy.
So the correct option is "1 and 2".