Tag: history of classification of organisms

Questions Related to history of classification of organisms

A school of systematics, that determines the degree of relatedness by analysing primitive and derived characters and constructing cladograms is

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Phylogeny

  2. Cladistics

  3. Cladogram

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Cladistics is one of the three schools of systematics that determines the degree of relatedness by analysing the primitive and derived characters and constructs the cladogram.
  • Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups based on the most recent common ancestor. A key feature of a clade is that a common ancestor and all its descendants are part of the clade.
  • In Cladistics  to show relations among organisms, cladogram is used. Cladistics is now the most commonly used methods to classify organisms.
So the correct option is Cladistics.

A 'type' is one particular specimen (or a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. Match column I (type) with column II(description) and select the correct option from the codes given.

Column I Column II
A. Holotype  (i) A specimen cited with an original description other than the holotype or isotype
B. Isotype (ii) A duplicate of the holotype
C. Paratype (iii) A specimen designated in the original description
D. Lectotype (iv) A specimen selected from original material to serve as nomenclatural type when the holotype was not designated.
zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)

  2. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

  3. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  4. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Holotype is a valuable original specimen that describes a new species. It is a term used to describe a specimen that is the first known of its kind anywhere in the world. A holotype can be any type of fossil, and it serves as the name-bearer of the species.
Isotype is an individual specimen that is similar enough genetically to the holotype to be considered to part of the same taxonomic group.
Paratype is a specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype, isotype, nor one of the syntypes. These are often listed as representative specimens in the original description.
Lectotype is a specimen chosen by a later researcher to serve as if it were the holotype. It is chosen from among the specimens available to the original publishing author (the isotypes, syntypes and/or paratypes) of a scientific name when the holotype was either lost or destroyed or when no holotype was designated.
So the correct option is A.

......gives specific and scientific names to the organisms.

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Taxonomy

  2. Classification

  3. Systematics

  4. Genetics

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Taxonomy refers to a branch of science that deals primarily with the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms. For example, organisms are classified into clades in phylogenetic taxonomy.

So, the correct option is 'Taxonomy'.

Which class has been placed in between dicotyledons and monocotyledons by Bentham and Hooker?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Leptosprongiatae

  2. Eusporangiatae

  3. Gymnospermae

  4. Hepaticopsida

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Bentham and Hooker divided Spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants into three classes namely- 

  • Dicotyledonae ( class I )
  • Gymnospermae ( class II )
  • Monocotyledonae ( class III ). 

It was a example of natural system of classification, In which the organisms are classified on the basis of their natural affinities (i.e. the basic similarities in the morphology).

So, the correct option is 'Gymnospermae'.

Which of the following is not a criterion for classification of living organisms?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Body design of the organism

  2. Ability to produce ones own food

  3. Membrane bound nucleus and cell organelles

  4. Height

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The criterions for classification of organisms are as follows-
1. Nature of cell (porkaryotic or eukaryotic)
2. Number of cells (unicellular or multicellular)
3. Mode of nutrition (autotrophic or heterotrophic)
4. Body design (presence or absence of cell wall)
5. Presence or absence of well defined nucleus with nuclear membrane
6. Body differentiation
7. Presence of conducting tissues (in case of plants)
8. Mode of reproduction
9. Type of seed (in case of plants)
10. Number of cotyledons (in case of plants)
Hence, options A, B, C are incorrect. 
Height is not considered as criterion for classification of living organisms. 
Therefore, option D is correct.  

Merit of Bentham and Hooker's system is

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Placement of renales in beginning

  2. Placement of orchidaceae in microspermae

  3. Placement of asteraceae in beginning of gamopetalae

  4. Position of gymnospermae in between dicots and monocots

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Renales are the most primitive living angiosperms hence placing them, in the beginning, is the merit of Bentham and Hooker's system.

  • Placement of Orchidaceae in microspermae is demerit as it is an advanced family. 
  • The placement of Gymnospermae in between dicots monocots is a demerit as gymnosperms are primitive compared to both monocots and dicots.
So, the correct option is 'Placement of renals in beginning'.

Number of series distinguished by Bentham and Hooker is subclass monochlamydeae is

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. $3$

  2. $5$

  3. $7$

  4. $8$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The group monochlamydaea was one of three within the Dicotyledons, the others being Polypetalae and Gamopetalae. It included plants with flowers that had either a calyx or corolla, but not both. Though, it was later abandoned.

The number of series distinguished by Bentham and Hooker in subclass monochlamydeous were eight.
So, the correct option is '8'.

A taxonomic species distinguished on the basis of morphological characters is

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Morphospecies

  2. Biospecies

  3. Linneon

  4. Neontological species

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  1. Morphospecies are groups of individuals that are morphologically similar and clearly distinguishable from individuals of other groups.
    2. A group of interbreeding individuals that are isolated reproductively from all other groups is called Biospecies.
    3. Linneon are the taxonomic species distinguished on the basis of morphological characters.
    4. Those species which are present in the living world are known as neontological species.
    So, the correct option is 'Linneon'.

Science dealing with study of external form, size, colour, structure and relative position of various parts of an organism is?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Anatomy

  2. Morphology

  3. Entomology

  4. Histology

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A. The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by separation of parts is called Anatomy

B. Morphology is the branch of science dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
C. Entomology is the study of insects.
D. Histology is the study of cell structure and tissues of an organism.
So, the correct answer is 'Morphology'.

State whether the following statements are true or false.
Museums serve an important role as centers of documentation.

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A