Tag: history of classification of organisms

Questions Related to history of classification of organisms

System of classification proposed by two botanists and claimed to be natural system is by

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Bentham and Hooker

  2. Aristotle and Theophrastus

  3. Darwin and Wallace

  4. Engler and Prantl

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Natural classification is based on the complete morphological characters of stem, root, leaves, flowers etc. Bentham and Hooker's classification is based on these characters hence it is an example of to be the natural system.
  • Aristotle and Theophrastus used simple and observable traits for classification.
  • Darwin and Wallace were associated with theories related to evolution.
  • Engler and Prantl presented the evolutionary system of classification
So, the correct option is 'Bentham and Hooker'.

Which is the correct date of publication of "Species Plantarum" authored by Carolus Linnaeus?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. 1st May, 1753

  2. 1st January, 1935

  3. 1st January, 1856

  4. 1st May, 1858

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Species Plantarum was published in 1st May 1753.
  • Linnaeus gave the scientific names of plants of about 6000 species. He established binomial nomenclature in this book which is widely accepted as the starting point of nomenclature of plants
So, the correct option is '1st May 1753'.

In Bentham and Hooker's system classification, ranales are included under

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Calyciflorae

  2. Inferae

  3. Disciflorae

  4. Thalamiflorae

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In the Bentham and Hooker classification they were characterized as having "stamens usually many, carpels free, endosperm conspicuous, embryo small". The Ranales were the first cohort of the Thalamiflorae according to this classification.

So, the correct option is ' Thalamiflorae'.

Aristotle divided animals into

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Protozoa and metazoa

  2. Chordates and nonchordates

  3. Anaima and enaima

  4. Arboreal and terrestrial

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Aristotle was a Greek philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. 
  • Aristotle was born in 384 B.C. in Stagira in northern Greece.
  • Aristotle divided animals into Aniama( "those without RBC") and enaima( "those with blood). Anaima examples invertebrates and Enaima examples vertebrates
  • So, the correct answer is 'Anaima and enaima'.

Sthavara of Susrata were

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Animals

  2. Fishes

  3. Quadrupeds

  4. Plants

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • The Sushruta Samhita is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subject to survive from the ancient world.
  • The Susruta Samhita was written by the famous physician and surgeon Susruta in the 6th century BC who taught at the University of Benares (alternatively Kasi or Varanasi) on the Ganges River.
  • Sthavara of Susrata was Animals.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Animals'.

Teloma theory(Zimmermann, $1930$) is related to origin of.

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Pollen tube

  2. Vascular plants

  3. Seed

  4. Fruit

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Bentham and Hooker proposed their system of classification in

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Genera Plantarum

  2. Species Plantarum

  3. Historia Plantarum

  4. Historia Naturae

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bentham and Hooker proposed their system of classification in the book Genera Plantarum. In this book, they gave the biggest and natural classification of seed plants. Their system of classification was based on the principle of natural affinities and is considered as pre-Darwinian as it does not take evolution into account.

So, the correct option is 'Genera Plantarum'.

Which is not correct?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Embryology - Aristotle

  2. Taxonomy - Carlous Linnaeus

  3. Paleontology - Leonardo de Vinci

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Taxonomy is the science of the naming and classifying or grouping of organisms. In 1700, Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus developed a hierarchical classification system for organisms called binomial nomenclature. Palaeontology is the science of the forms of life existing in the former geological period, as represented by their fossils. 

Leonardo Da Vinci, the great artist who is famous for his work in painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music etc is known as the father of paleontology.
Aristotle was the great philosopher. He contributed to embryology to some extent by describing the development of the chicken embryo and navel string linking of embryo to the placenta in a species of dogfish. He is called the father of embryology.

Therefore all the answers are correct.

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given.

Column I Column II
A. Binomial nomenclature (i) Hippocrates
B. The Darwin of the $20^{th}$ century (ii) Ernst Mayr
C. Father of botany (iii) Linnaeus
D. Father of medicine (iv) Theopharastus
zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  2. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)

  3. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  4. A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A) Binomial Nomenclature was given by Linnaeus.

B) Ernst Mayr was one of the 20th century leading evolutionary biologist and that is why he is Darwin of the 20th century.
C) Father of Botany is Theopharastus.
D) Father of medicine is Hippocrates.
So the correct option is "A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)".

An English naturalist, who wrote the book 'Historia Generalis Plantarum' and introduced the word 'species' was.

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Theophrastus

  2. John Ray

  3. Cuvier

  4. Lamarck

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

John Ray published important works on botany, zoology, and natural theology. His classification of the plant in his Historia Plantarum was an important step towards modern taxonomy. He also coined the term Species.

So the correct option is "John Ray".