Tag: antibodies and antitoxin

Questions Related to antibodies and antitoxin

In our body, antibodies are formed against pathogens in

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. liver by RBCs

  2. blood by platelets

  3. thymus by lymphocytes

  4. brain by macrophages

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The thymus gland, despite containing glandular tissue and producing several hormones, is much more closely associated with the immune system than with the endocrine system. The thymus serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, an extremely important type of white blood cell. T cells defend the body from potentially deadly pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The function of the thymus is to receive immature T cells that are produced in the red bone marrow and train them into functional, mature T cells that attack only foreign cells. T cells first reside within the cortex of the thymus where they come in contact with epithelial cells presenting various antigens. The immature T cells that respond to the antigens corresponding to foreign cells are selected to survive, mature, and migrate to the medulla while the rest die via apoptosis and are cleaned up by macrophages.


So, the correct option is 'Option C'.

The classical pathway of complement is activated by?

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. Only antibody

  2. Only antigen

  3. Ag-antibody complex

  4. None of these

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Correct Option: C

Cells which actually release the antibodies are 

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. Helper T-cells

  2. Cytotoxic T-cells

  3. Suppressor T-cells

  4. Plasma cells

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Antibodies are secreted by cells of the adaptive immune system; B cells, which are formed by the differentiation of the plasma cells. B lymphocytes have antibodies attached to them. Once they detect an antigen, they transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies until the immune response is over. 

Monoclonal antibodies are

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. Single parent type that attack many antigens

  2. Single parent type and attack specific antigen

  3. Various parent type and attack many antigens

  4. Various parent type and attack single antigen

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

If the identical antibodies are produced by the single clone of cells such antibodies are called as monoclonal antibodies. They are clones or single type but they are target specific. Each monoclonal antibody recognizes one particular protein (antigen). They work in different ways depending on the protein they are targeting. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Antibodies combine with antigens

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. at variable regions

  2. at constant regions

  3. only if macrophages are present

  4. both (a) and (C)

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In the blood, the antigens are specifically and with high affinity bound by antibodies to form an antigen-antibody complex. The antigenic determinant or epitope is recognized by the paratope of an antibody, situated at the variable region of the polypeptide chain.

So, the correct option is 'At variable regions'.

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to immunity?

bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake

  2. The antibodies against small pox pathogen are produced by T-lymphocytes

  3. Antibodies are protein molecules, each of which has four light chains

  4. Rejection of a kidney graft is the function of B-lymphocytes

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A. Anti-snake venom is made by collecting venom from the snake and injecting small amounts of it usually into a horse. The antibodies that form in the horse blood are then collected and used to treat a snake bite case by injecting directly to the affected person.
B. Antibodies against smallpox are produced by B-lymphocytes.
C. Antibodies contain 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains.
D. Rejection of a kidney graft is a function of T-lymphocytes.

So, the correct answer is, 'Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake'.

Monoclonal antibodies can be used

biology diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. diagnosis, screening and therapy

  2. in vaccine production

  3. as enzyme and called enzymes

  4. in purification and quantification of other molecules

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Correct Option: A,B,C,D

Monoclonal antibodies are

biology diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. single parent type and attack many antigens

  2. single parent type and attack specific antigen

  3. various parent type and attack many antigens

  4. various parent type and attack single antigen.

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Correct Option: B

What are antibodies chemically composed of?

bio-chemistry immunology antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. Lipid

  2. Nucleoprotein

  3. Carbohydrate

  4. Protein

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Antibodies are nothing but proteins. There are 5 types of antibodies, IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. They are produced by B lymphocytes. 

So, option D is the correct answer.

Condition in which immune system fails is

bio-chemistry immunology antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

  1. Allergy

  2. AIDS

  3. Tetanus

  4. Typhoid

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Correct Option: B