Tag: fermentation

Questions Related to fermentation

Fermentation refers to

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Anaerobic respiration

  2. Incomplete oxidation of carbohydrate

  3. Complete oxidation of carbohydrate

  4. Both A and B

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The process of respiration can be aerobic or anaerobic. The process of anaerobic respiration is also called fermentation. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration in which carbohydrates are incompletely oxidised to either ethanol and carbon dioxide as in yeast or lactic acid as in the muscles of higher vertebrates.

Enzyme required to oxidise acetaldehyde is

biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Ethanol oxidase

  2. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

  3. Alcohol hydrogenase

  4. Glyceraldehyde dehyadrogenase

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme oxidises acetaldehyde into acetate. This enzyme belongs to class of aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetaldehyde is produced from the metabolism of alcohol by the enzyme alcoholic dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is toxic and its accumulation can lead to effects of hangover so it needs to be metabolized. It is converted into acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Acetate is then converted into carbon dioxide and water. These metabolic reactions occur in liver.
So, the correct answer is 'Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase'.

Continuous addition of sugars in fed batch fermentation is done to 

biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Degrade sewage

  2. Produce methane

  3. Obtain antibiotics

  4. Purify enzymes

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Continuous addition of sugar is a common process in fed-batch fermentation. It is usually done to purify the enzymes involved.

The anaerobic respiration is also called as.

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Fermentation

  2. Fragmentation

  3. Oxidation

  4. Reduction

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available. Fermentation occurs in yeast cells, and a form of fermentation takes place in bacteria and in the muscle cells of animals. So, the correct answer is option A.

In Yeast, anaerobic respiration produces

biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. $CO _2$ and ethanol

  2. $CO _2$ and water

  3. $O _2$ and lactic acid

  4. $O _2$ and pyruvic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Yeast can undergo both aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration. In anaerobic respiration, glucose is utilized and carbon dioxide and ethanol are formed. It is also called as alcoholic fermentation. In aerobic respiration, water and carbon dioxide are produced.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

With reference to the products of microbial fermentation, which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Lactic acid- Rhizopus stolonifer

  2. Vinegar- Acetobacter sp.

  3. Vitamin $B12$- Streptomyces griseus

  4. B-amylase- Saccharomyces sp.

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Correct Option: A

Enzyme that changes glucose to ethyl alcohol is

biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Zymase

  2. Diastase

  3. Invertase

  4. Maltase

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A) Zymase causes the breakdown of sugars into alcohols.

B) Diastase catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose.
C) Invertase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of sucrose into fructose and glucose.
D) Maltase breaks down maltose to glucose.
So the correct answer is 'Zymase'

During fermentation by yeast, alcohol is formed from

biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Proteins

  2. Sugars

  3. Mucopolysaccharides

  4. Fats

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
 Alcohol is formed from the fermentation of sucrose or any other sugar source by $Saccharomyces\ cerevisiae$ (yeast).
So the correct answer is 'Sugars'

During lactic acid fermentation

biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. $O _2$ is used, $CO _2$ is liberated

  2. Neither $O _2$ is used nor $CO _2$ liberated

  3. $O _2$ is not used, $CO _2$ is liberated

  4. $O _2$ is used, $CO _2$ is not liberated

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In all organisms, during glycolysis, glucose is used as an energy source and converted into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH molecules. Lactic acid fermentation is an anerobic metabolic process carried out by few bacteria (Lactobacillus) and animal (i.e., muscle) cells.  Lactate dehydrogenase (enzyme) participates in this process and converts the pyruvate (produced during glycolysis) to lactic acid, thereby regenerating NAD+, which can be returned to the cycle and helps to maintain glycolysis. 

So, the correct option is 'O2O2 is used, CO2CO2 is not liberated'.
CO2


Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Krebs cycle

  2. Glycolysis

  3. Electron transport system

  4. Fermentation

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Respiration is of two types :

Aerobic respiration- here oxygen is required for the process to occur. It occurs in the following three steps :
  • Glycolysis
  • Krebs cycle
  • Terminal oxidation
Anaerobic respiration- here oxygen is not required in the process of respiration. In this process, organic food is incompletely degraded without the use of oxygen which later produces ethanol or lactic acid as the end product.
So, the correct option is ' Fermentation'.