Tag: physics

Questions Related to physics

A steel rod of length $5\ m$ is fixed rigidly between two supports, $\alpha$ of steel$=12\times 10^{-6}/^{o}\ C$, $Y=2\times10^{12}Nm^{-2}$. With the increase in its temperature by $40^{o}\ C$, the stress developed in the rod is

  1. $9.6\times10^{5}\ Nm^{-2}$

  2. $9.6\times10^{6}\ Nm^{-2}$

  3. $9.6\times10^{7}\ Nm^{-2}$

  4. $9.6\times10^{8}\ Nm^{-2}$


Correct Option: C

A bar of cross-section A is subjected to equal and opposite tensile forces at its ends. Consider a plane section of the bar whose normal makes an angle $\theta$ with the axis of the bar.
For what value of $\theta$ is the tensile stress maximum?

  1. 0

  2. 1

  3. cant say

  4. 90


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Tensile stress$=\cfrac { force }{ area } =\cfrac { F\cos { \theta  }  }{ A\sec { \theta  }  } $
$=\cfrac { F }{ A } \cos ^{ 2 }{ \theta  } $
Tensile strength will be maximum when $\cos ^{ 2 }{ \theta  } $ is maximum i.e., $\cos { \theta  } =1$ or $\theta =0°$

A composite rod is 1000 mm long, its two ends are 40 $mm^2$ and 30 $mm^2$ in area and length are 300 mm and 200 mm respectively. The middle portion of the rod is 20 $mm^2$ in area and 500 mm long. If the rod is subjected to an axial tensile load of 1000 N, find its total elongation (in mm). (E = 200 GPa).

  1. 0.165

  2. 0.111

  3. 0.196

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$k=\dfrac{EA}{L}$

$k _1=\dfrac{EA _1}{L _1}$,$k _2=\dfrac{EA _2}{L _2}$,$k _3=\dfrac{EA _3}{L _3}$
$k _1=E\times \dfrac{40}{300} \times 10^{-3}$
$k _2=E\times \dfrac{30}{200} \times 10^{-3}$
$k _3=E\times \dfrac{20}{500} \times 10^{-3}$
$k _1=\dfrac{4E}{3} \times 10^{-4}$
$k _1=\dfrac{3E}{3} \times 10^{-4}$
$k _1=\dfrac{2E}{3} \times 10^{-4}$
$k _1,k _2,k _3$ are in series.
$\dfrac{1}{k _{eq}}=\dfrac{1}{k _1}+\dfrac{1}{k _2}+\dfrac{1}{k _3}$
$=\dfrac{3\times 10^4}{4E}$+$\dfrac{2\times 10^4}{3E}$+$\dfrac{5\times 10^4}{2E}$
$=\dfrac{10^4}{E}(\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{5}{2})$
$=\dfrac{10^4}{E} \times \dfrac{47}{12}$
$k _{eq}=\dfrac{12E}{47} \times 10^{-4}$
$F=1000N$
$1000=\dfrac{12E}{47}\times 10^{-4} \Delta l$
$\Delta l=\dfrac{1000 \times 47}{12E}\times 10^4$
$\Delta l=\dfrac{1000\times 47 \times 10^4}{12\times 200 \times 10^9}$
$=19.6\times 10^{-5}$
$=0.196 mm$

A steel wire AB of length 100 cm is fixed rigidly at points A and B in an aluminium frame as shown in the figure If the temperature of the system increases through 100C, then the excess stress produced in the steel wire relative to the aluminium? ${ \alpha } _{ \mu }=22\times { 10 }^{ -6 }{ / }^{ 0 }Cand{ \alpha } _{ stret }=11\times { 10 }^{ -6 }{ / }^{ 0 }C$ young 's modulus of steel is $2\times { 10 }^{ 31 }{ Nm }^{ -2 }$

  1. $2.2\times { 10 }^{ 5 }$Pa

  2. $22\times { 10 }^{ 2 }$Pa

  3. $2.2\times { 10 }^{ 2 }$Pa

  4. $220\times { 10 }^{ 2 }$Pa


Correct Option: C

A metal wire of length L, area of cross-section A and Young modulus Y behaves as a spring of spring constant

  1. $K= \frac{YA}{L}$

  2. $K= \frac{2YA}{L}$

  3. $K= \frac{YA}{2L}$

  4. $K= \frac{YL}{A}$


Correct Option: A

A steel rod of length $1m$ and radius $10mm$ is stretched by a force $100kN$ along its length. The stress produced in the rod is then
 $\left( { Y } _{ steel }=2\times { 10 }^{ 11 }N\quad { m }^{ -2 } \right) $

  1. $3.18\times { 10 }^{ 6 }N\quad { m }^{ -2 }$

  2. $3.18\times { 10 }^{ 7 }N\quad { m }^{ -2 }\quad $

  3. $3.18\times { 10 }^{ 8 }N\quad { m }^{ -2 }$

  4. $3.18\times { 10 }^{ 9 }N\quad { m }^{ -2 }\quad $


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Here $r=10mm=10\times { 10 }^{ -3 }m={ 10 }^{ -2 }m$
$L=1m,F=100kN=100\times { 10 }^{ 3 }N={ 10 }^{ 5 }N$

Stress produced in the rod is:
$Stress=\cfrac { F }{ A } =\cfrac { F }{ \pi { r }^{ 2 } } =\cfrac { 100\times { 10 }^{ 3 }N }{ 3.14\times { \left( { 10 }^{ -2 }m \right)  }^{ 2 } } =3.18\times { 10 }^{ 8 }N\quad { m }^{ -2 }\quad $

One end of a uniform wire of length L and of weight W is attached rigidly to a point in the roof and
a weight $W _{1}$ is suspended from its lower end. If S is the are of cross-section of the wire, the stress in
the wire at a height (3 L /4) from its lower end is :

  1. $W _{1}/S$

  2. $[W _{1}+(W/4)]/S$

  3. $[W _{1}+(3W/4)]/S$

  4. $W _{1}+(W)/S$


Correct Option: C

The water stored in the dam on a river has .................. .

  1. Kinetic energy

  2. Potential energy

  3. Electrical energy

  4. Biomass energy


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The water stored in the dam on a river has potential energy.
The potential energy stored in a body of water held at a given height is converted to kinetic energy (movement energy) which is used to turn a turbine and create electricity.

The tidal power plants are constructed near the mouth of ................ bays.

  1. $renewable$

  2. $huge$

  3. $narrow$

  4. $broad$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Tidal energy of sea waves is harnessed by constructing hydro electric dams at the mouth of narrow bays along the sea coast.
Hence, The tidal power plants are constructed near the mouth of narrow bays.

The ultimate source of hydroelectric energy is :

  1. potential energy of water

  2. kinetic energy of water

  3. solar energy

  4. chemical energy


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Answer is A.

Potential energy is the energy that is stored in an object due to its position relative to some zero position. An object possesses gravitational potential energy if it is positioned at a height above (or below) the zero height.
There is potential energy stored in a water reservoir behind a dam. It is converted to kinetic energy when the water starts flowing down the penstock, from the dam. This kinetic energy is used to turn a turbine.
Hence, the source for hydro electricity power generation is potential energy of water.