Tag: zoology

• According to the 10% rule when energy is passed in an ecosystem from one tropic level to the next, only 10% of the energy is passed on and the rest is wasted.
  
• 10% of (10% of 5 joules)=Energy transferred to the lion.
• So, the correct choice is '0.05 joules'.

According to 10% law of Lindemann, if 1 tonne (1000 kg) biomass is present in grass, only 10% of it means 100 kg will go into deer and in tiger the biomass will be only 10 kg, i.e. 10% of deer's biomass.

An ecosystem is normally an open system because there are a continuous and variable entry and loss of energy and material. The ecosystem is the basic fundamental unit of ecology which includes both the organism and the non-living environment is influencing the property of each other and is necessary for the maintenance of life. The whole Earth can be known as biosphere or ecosphere.

• The pyramid of energy shows the relationship between the flow of energy and different trophic level.
• The pyramid of energy depicts the flow of energy in the ecosystem.
• The source of energy in an ecosystem is the sun, the producers trap the solar energy and use it for photosynthesis which is in turn eaten by organisms of the higher trophic level such as primary consumers, secondary consumers.
• So, the correct answer is 'The rate of flow of energy through the food chain'.

The cost of ether ecosystem services like recreation and nutrient cycling are > 10% each.

An ecosystem comprises of biotic and abiotic components which interact with each other to maintain an equilibrium. A major focus of ecosystem ecology is on functional processes, ecological mechanisms, that maintain the structure and services produced by ecosystems. These include primary productivity (production of biomass), decomposition, and trophic interactions. The various trophic levels of an ecosystem interact with each other by  a flow of energy and cycling of materials from one trophic level to the other.

A food cycle is associated with energy flow in the ecosystem. It contains several trophic levels which are interdependent to each other for energy. Only 10% of energy can be transferred to the successive trophic level and rest 90% get utilise in their life processes.

Free energy cycle is the unidirectional cycle in our ecosystem. In other cycles like oxygen cycle, carbon dioxide cycle and water cycle, the basic elements are circulated and cycled whereas, in free energy cycle, energy flows from solar energy to producers and then consumers to decomposers. 

The number of trophic levels in the grazing food chain is restricted as the transfer of energy follows 10 per cent law only 10 per cent of the energy is transferred to each trophic level from the lower trophic level.

The ten percent law for the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next was introduced by Raymond Lindeman (1942).