Tag: zoology

Questions Related to zoology

Read the passage and answer the following question.

Assume you had a 10m$^2$ pond to study. You measured the amount of light energy bathing the water surface at 1,000kcal.


Based on the energy captured, about what percentage of that would be transferred to higher trophic levels?

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. 1.65 percent

  2. 16.5 percent

  3. 33 percent

  4. 3.3 percent

  5. 66 percent

Show answer
Correct Option: B

If the energy produced by plants is 800,000 kJ, then how much energy will exist at the level of secondary consumers?

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. 80 kJ

  2. 800 kJ

  3. 8,000 kJ

  4. 80,000 kJ

  5. 800,000 kJ

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

According to the 10 percent law, when energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next, only ten percent of the energy will be passed on.  The remaining is lost during transfer, broken down in respiration, or lost to incomplete digestion by higher trophic levels.

As per this rule, if the plant produces 800,000kJ of energy then only 10% of this is passed to the next trophic level which is the primary consumers. So, the energy obtained by the primary consumer will be 80,000kJ.
Now, only 10% of this 80,000kJ is passed on to the next trophic level (secondary consumers) which is 8,000KJ.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Read the passage and answer the following question.

Assume you had a 10m$^2$ pond to study. You measured the amount of light energy bathing the water surface at 1,000kcal.


About how much of that available energy would be expected to be converted into producer biomass?

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. $100$ kcal

  2. $1,000$ kcal

  3. $2,000$ kcal

  4. $10$ kcal

  5. $200$ kcal

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Plants absorb 1% of sun energy for photosynthesis. With each trophic level, only 10% energy is transferred and 90% is lost as heat in respiration. Here, the total available sunlight is 1000kcal, the producers will get 1% i.e. 10kcal. Correct answer is D.  

According to Lindeman's 10% law, only 10% energy is transferred to the next trophic level. If the plants produce 100 units of energy, the amount of energy at the level of secondary consumers would be

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. 1 unit

  2. 25 units

  3. 50 units

  4. 70 units

  5. 80 units

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

10 percent Law introduced by Lindeman states that only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another and 90% of the energy is lost during transfer, respiration and digestion processes. Therefore if plants (present at producers level) produces 100 units of energy, 10% of it will be transferred to primary consumers (10 units of energy) and 10% of the subsequent energy is transferred to secondary consumers (1 unit of energy). Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Only a small portion of chemical energy in an apple is transferred to an organism that eats it.
What happens to the majority of the chemical energy stored in the apple when another organism eats it?

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. The majority of the energy is spontaneously lost to the surroundings.

  2. The majority of the energy is used to do some kind of cellular work in the apple.

  3. The majority of the energy is lost as heat energy to the surrounding environment.

  4. The majority of the energy is destroyed or recycled.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another follows the 10% law of energy transfer. So, of the total energy created only 10% is passed on from the producers to the consumers while rest is used by the producer to carry out its activities

So, the correct answer is 'The majority of the energy is used to do some kind of cellular work in the apple'

Maintenance of internal favourable conditions, despite changes in external environment is

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. Entropy

  2. Steady state

  3. Enthalpy

  4. Homeostasis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Higher animals like mammals tend to maintain a constant internal environment despite changes in external environment. This is called as homeostasis, e.g., in humans a body temperature around 97 fahrenheit is considered normal. In summers when outside temperature is high or in winters when outside temperature is very low the body temperature remains constant. This is one example of homeostasis. The nervous and endocrine system closely interplay to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

The movement of energy and nutrients through living systems differs in what way? 

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. Energy recycles while nutrients flow in two directions.

  2. Nutrients recycle while energy flows in one direction.

  3. Nutrients are lost as heat while energy forms chemical compounds.

  4. Nutrients are constantly available while energy is limited.

  5. Nutrients are lost as heat while energy is limited.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Energy is passed from one trophic level to the next trophic level. Hence energy flows in one direction through successive trophic levels in a food chain. Nutrients are produced from the matter. The matter may be organic or inorganic. The organic and inorganic matter is produced, exchanged and moved within the ecosystem and this is called cycling. Hence nutrients are recycled.
So, the correct answer is 'Nutrients recycle while energy flows in one direction'.

Which best describes the movement of energy and matter through living systems? 

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. Energy flows while matter is cycled.

  2. Matter flows in two directions while energy flows in one direction.

  3. Energy is cycled while some matter is lost as heat.

  4. Energy forms chemical compounds while matter flows.

  5. Matter is always available while energy is cycled.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Energy is passed from one trophic level to the next trophic level. Hence energy flows through successive trophic levels in a food chain. 
Matter may be organic or inorganic. The organic and inorganic matter is produced, exchanged and moved within the ecosystem and this is called cycling. Hence matter is cycled.
So, the correct answer is 'Energy flows while matter is cycled'.

Which one of the following is one way cycle?

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. Carbon cycle

  2. H$ _{2}$O cycle

  3. Free energy cycle

  4. O$ _{2}$ cycle

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The transfer of energy in an ecosystem is always one way, from the sun to producers, from producers to herbivores, from herbivores to carnivores. The one way transfer of energy is in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics. 

Water, carbon and oxygen cycle in the ecosystem and are regularly exchanged between biotic and abiotic components.

Flow of energy declines from low to higher trophic level in ecosystem, is mainly explained by

zoology meaning of life energy flow and loss energy flow in a food chain energy flows

  1. First law of thermodynamics

  2. Second law of thermodynamics

  3. Both of the above

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ecosystem require a constant input of energy as every component of an ecosystem is regularly dissipating energy. Two laws of thermodynamics govern this flow of energy. 

According to first law of thermodynamics, energy can be transformed as well as transferred but is neither created nor destroyed. 
According to second law of thermodynamics, every activity and energy transformation is accompanied by dissipation of energy. 

The maximum energy in an ecosystem is available at lowest or producer level and as energy is transferred from producers to successively higher levels energy level gets diminished. Thus, the correct answer is option B.