Tag: biological molecules

Chitin is the substance which is fibrous and made up of the long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is a derivative of glucose. It is a major constituent of the exoskeleton of arthropods, crabs and also make the cell wall of fungi.

• Primary metabolites are those that are formed during the growth phase and supports in the overall development of cells. E.g., Carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins etc.
  
• Secondary metabolites are those which are the end products of primary metabolites and are required for ecological activities of cells. E.g., Carotenoids, morphine etc. 

Starch is a type of polysaccharide which is present in rice. Glycogen is stored polysaccharide in animal tissues.

The glycosidic bond is a bond that holds a carbohydrate molecule with another group, which may or may not be a carbohydrate. Polysaccharides contain several monosaccharides that are linked to one another by glycosidic bonds. In water each water molecule binds four other water molecules by hydrogen bonds. This helps the water molecules to hold together (cohesion of water). 

Chitin carbohydrates are the oldest in the given as it is a carbon-based factor. protein, lipids consist chain of nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon atoms however carbohydrate consists of a longer chain of carbon as well as various other groups of compounds. so, the correct option is 'chitin carbohydrates'.

The pentose sugar present in guanosine is ribose  The base attaches to the carbon no.1 and the phosphate bonds to carbon no. 5.

• A disaccharide is made up of two monomers.
• Maltose is made up of two molecules of Glucose by O-glycosidic linkage.
• So, the correct option is 'Maltose'.

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. They have two functional groups alcohol and either aldehyde or ketone. Most common carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen where hydrogen and oxygen occur in the ration of 2:1 like water. Hence, carbohydrates are also called as hydrates of carbon. Carbohydrates have asymmetric carbon atoms, hence, carbohydrates are optically active and rotate the plane of polarised light .

Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on earth. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants. Glucose is one of the primary molecules, which serve as energy sources for plants and animals. It is the most important simple sugar in human metabolism. Cellulose can be broken down chemically into its glucose units by treating it with concentrated acids at high temperature.