Tag: biological molecules

Questions Related to biological molecules

Which of the following is known as reducing sugar?

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Monosaccharide

  2. Oligosaccharide

  3. Polysaccharide

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A reducing sugar has a free aldehyde group or a free ketone group so it can act as reducing agent.
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates. They cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller units. These sugars contain a free aldehyde or ketone group. The anomeric carbon of the reducing sugar has OH group. For example, glucose and fructose.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Structural polysaccharide is ____________.

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Starch

  2. Cellulose

  3. Glycogen

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate, in fact, the most abundant organic compound in nature. It is the main structural polysaccharide of the plants. Thus option B is the correct answer.

Chitin is

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Insoluble in water

  2. Resistant to acids and alkalies

  3. Insoluble in most organic solvents

  4. All the above

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Correct Option: D

${C} _{n}{H} _{2n}{O} _{n}$ is the formula of

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Carbohydrate

  2. Fatty acid

  3. Fat

  4. Nucleic acid

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A monosaccharide is the simplest form of carbohydrate which is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The basic formula of the monosaccharide is C$ _n$H$ _{2n}$O$ _n$. For example, the formula for the most common monosaccharide, glucose is  C$ _6$H$ _{12}$O$ _6$. So, the correct answer is option A.

If glucose is to be injected in human blood, the property to be matched with glucose is

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Density

  2. Viscosity

  3. Osmotic potential

  4. Sugar group

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Correct Option: C

Low calorie sweetener substance used by the people of West Africa is

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Brazzein

  2. Glycine

  3. Serine

  4. Saponin

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Low-calorie sweeteners used by the people of West Africa are brazzein, thaumatin, monellin, pentadin, miraculi etc. 
  • Brazzein is a stable proteinaceous substance made up of 54 amino acids. It is extracted from the fruit of Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon. 
  • It is found 2000 times sweeter than sucrose.
    Therefore, the correct option is A.

Pectin is

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Waste product

  2. Excretory product

  3. Phytolectin

  4. Secretory product

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Pectin is mostly present in the cell wall of the plant and the concentration in the skin of fruits. It consists of esterified D-galacturonic acid resides in an alpha-(1-4) chain. It is a secretory product which leaves the cytoplasm and deposits on the cell wall of the plant. It combines with cellulose and lignin to provide structural support to the plant.

So, the correct answer is option D.

A mucopolysaccharide that functions as cell cement and lubricant is

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Heparin

  2. Hyaluronic acid

  3. Keratan sulphate

  4. Chondroitin sulphate

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a mucopolysaccharide. It is made up of glucuronic acid and acetylglucosamine. It found in the extracellular fluid of animal tissues, the vitreous humor of the eye, cerebrospinal fluid etc. The biological functions of HA include maintenance of the elastoviscosity of liquid connective tissues such as joint synovial and eye vitreous fluid. Its function in the body is, amongst other things, to bind water and to lubricate movable parts of the body, such as joints and muscles. It also occurs in cementing material between animal cells as well as inside cell coat. Thus, the correct option is B.

Which of these is a disaccharide?

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Sucrose

  2. Glucose

  3. Fructose

  4. Galactose

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by the glycosidic linkage between glucose and fructose. The bond is formed between the between C$ _1$ on the glucosyl subunit and C$ _2$ on the fructose unit. It has no free aldehyde or keto group so they are known as non- reducing sugar. The anomeric carbon of glucose and fructose forms the glycosidic bonds.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Glycogen occurs in the form of

biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

  1. Rounded grains

  2. Ellipsoid grains

  3. Elongated granules

  4. Flat ellipsoid granules

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Glycogen is an animal starch. It is a polysaccharide food reserve in animal, bacteria, and fungi. It is stored mainly in liver and muscles. The granules of glycogen are ellipsoid flattened structures that lie freely inside the cell. Thus, the correct answer is option D.