Tag: botany

Questions Related to botany

In a plant cell, metabolic wastes, pigments and mineral ions are generally seen in 

botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Golgi complex

  2. Endoplasmic reticulum

  3. Vacuole

  4. Lysosome

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The vacuole is a membrane-enclosed fluid-filled sac found in plant cells that occupies a major part of the cell volume. It gives rigidity to the cell and hence to the plant by using water to develop a pressure called hydrostatic pressure. It stores nutrient and non-nutrients such as pigments and mineral ions. It also stores the cellular metabolic waste. Thus the correct answer is option C.

Spindle fibres are attached to chromosomes in the region of 

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Chromosome

  2. Kinetochore

  3. Centrosome

  4. Chromonema

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The kinetochore is a protein complex assembled at each centromere. It acts as an attachment site for spindle microtubules for chromosomal movement to the opposite poles. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Which part of the cell stores nutrients?

botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Vacuole

  3. Ribosome

  4. Oxysome

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Vacuole is the characteristic feature of plant cell while absent in animal cell. The liquid substance present in the vacuole is called cell sap. The cell sap is mainly composed of water, sugar, salt, pigment- anthocyanin. Vacuole functions as store house for secretory and excretory substances. Thus option B is the correct answer.

What are the functions of vacuole?

botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Maintaining turgor pressure

  2. Containing water

  3. Containing waste

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • The function and significance of vacuoles vary greatly according to the type of cell in which they are present.
  • In general, the functions of the vacuole include- Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell. Containing waste products. 
  • Containing water in plant cells. Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell. Maintaining an acidic internal pH. 
  • Allows plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers due to the pressure of the central vacuole etc.

    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

The various functions of vacuole are

botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Maintaining acidic pH

  2. Containing waste product

  3. Exporting waste

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Vacuoles are the membrane-bound organelle and perform various functions according to the type of cell in which they are present. In general, the functions of the vacuole include isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell, containing waste products, containing water in plant cells, maintaining an acidic internal pH, exporting unwanted substances from the cell, allows plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers due to the pressure of the central vacuole etc. 

What is the function of the contractile vacuole?

botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Excretion

  2. Respiration

  3. Digestion

  4. Nutrition

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The contractile vacuoles are the structures which are present in the cells of the lower organisms. The vacuole plays an important role in excretion and osmoregulation. The wastes like the ammonia can be excreted through the vacuoles. The water and the other salts are also removed through this vacuoles in order to maintain the osmotic balance. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Chromosomes having equal or almost equal arms are called

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Metacentric

  2. Acrocentric

  3. Polycentric

  4. Acentric

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

DNA is the way genetic information is stored within cells and allows the transmission of information from one generation to the next. There are four main types of chromosomes: metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric. Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped, with the centromere in the middle so that the two arms of the chromosomes are almost equal. A chromosome is a metacentric if its two arms are equal or almost equal in length.
So, the correct answer is 'Metacentric'.

Metachromosome with medial centromere and equal arms is

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Telocentric

  2. Acrocentric

  3. Metacentric

  4. Submetacentric

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. A telocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome and their shape is similar to the letter i.
B. An acrocentric chromosome is a  chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. 
C. Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the centre (medial) so that the two arms are equal.
D. A submetacentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located near the slightly away from the centre and the two arms are slightly unequal in length and form L-shape. 
So, the correct answer is 'Metacentric'.

Colour of rose petals is due to water soluble pigment present in

botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. Intercellular spaces

  3. Nucleus

  4. Vacuoles

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Colour of rose petals is due to water-soluble pigment present in the vacuoles.
  • The plant vacuoles consist of various water-soluble pigments such as carotenoids, anthocyanins and xanthophylls etc.
  • Anthocyanins are also water-soluble pigments which are red, purple, or blue in colour depending on the pH (blueberry, raspberry etc).
  • The colour of flower petals (red, pink, blue and purple) is mainly from the pigments called anthocyanins.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Vacuoles'.

A chromosome, in which the centromere is situated close to its end so that one arm is very short and other very long is

botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

  1. Acrocentric

  2. Metacentric

  3. Sub-metacentric

  4. Telocentric

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Every chromosome has a primary constriction of the centromere on the sides of which disc-shaped structures called kinetochores are present.
Based on the position of the centromere, the chromosomes can be classified into four types.
The metacentric chromosome has a middle centromere forming two equal arms of the chromosome.
The sub-metacentric chromosome has centromere slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm.
In the case of acrocentric chromosome the centromere is situated close to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm.
Telocentric chromosome has a terminal centromere.
So, the correct option is 'Acrocentric'.