Tag: disorders of kidney

Questions Related to disorders of kidney

Which one of the following options shows a correct matching pair ?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Man - Ureotelic

  2. Bird - Ammonotelic

  3. Fish - Uricotelic

  4. Frog - Uricotelic

Show answer
Correct Option: A,D
Explanation:

Most mammals e.g. human excrete in the form of urea. These are called ureotelics.

Most amphibians, birds e.g. frog excrete waste product in the form of uric acid. These are called uricotelics.
Fishes are ammonotelic as they excrete ammonia.
Therefore, correct options are (A) and (D).

The condition of accumulation of urea in the blood is termed as 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Renal Caculli

  2. Glomerulonephritits

  3. Uremia

  4. Ketonuria

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In uremia, concentration of urea goes high in blood because the tubules are not able to remove it from the blood. 

So the correct option is C.

Match column I with column /ii and select the correct option from the codes given below. 
        Column I                     Column II
A.    Uremia                     (i)  Ketone bodies in urine 
B.    Ketonuria                 (ii) Artificial kidney 
C.    Glycosuria               (iii) Glucose in urine 
D.   Blood dialyser          (iv) Accumulation of urea in blood 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. A (iii), B (iv) , C (i), D ( ii)

  2. A (iv), B (i) , C (iii), D ( ii)

  3. A (i), B (iv) , C (ii), D (iii)

  4. A (ii), B (i) , C (iv), D ( iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Uremia is the condition of having high levels of urea in the blood. Ketonuria is the excretion of abnormally large amounts of ketone bodies in the urine. Renal glycosuria is a rare condition in which the simple sugar glucose is eliminated in the urine despite normal or low blood glucose levels. Dialysis is the process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer perform these functions naturally. This is referred to as renal replacement therapy.

So, the correct option is 'A (iv), B (i) , C (iii), D ( ii)'. 

Match the abnormal conditions given in Column A with their explanations given in Column B and choose the correct option.
    Column A                        Column B
A. Glycosuria                   (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints 
B. Renal caculli                (ii) Inflammation in glomeruli 
C. Glomerular nephritis    (iii) Mass of crystalized salts within the kidney.
D. Gout                             (iv) Presence of glucose in urine 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. $A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)$

  2. $A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)$

  3. $A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)$

  4. $A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(i)$

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Glycosuria is a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine, typically associated with diabetes or kidney disease. Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals. Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli). Gout is a kind of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. 

So, the correct option is 'A−(iv),B−(iii),C−(ii),D−(i)'.

The accumulation of uric add crystals in the region of joints resulting in painful movements  is a condition called..

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. fluorodosis

  2. gout

  3. arthritis

  4. rheumatoid arthritis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Gout is caused by accumulation of excess of uric acid crystals in the joint, resulting in painful movements.

So, the correct option is 'gout'.

Glomerulonephritis is 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. inflammation of glomeruli of kidney

  2. inflammation of liver

  3. presence of stone in glomerull of kidney

  4. tumour in glomeruli of kidney

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli). Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes, and waste from your bloodstream and pass them into your urine. 

So, the correct option is 'inflammation of glomeruli of kidney'.

Diuresis is the condition in which 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. The excretory volume of urine increases

  2. The excretory volume of urine decreases

  3. The kidneys fail to excrete urine

  4. The water balance of the body is disturbed

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Diuresis is when the body has too many of certain substances in the fluid that the kidneys filter. Eventually, this fluid becomes urine and increases the amount of water expelled by the body, leading to increased or excessive urination. 

So, the correct option is 'The excretory volume of urine increases'.

Which of the following diseases shows the blockage of kidney tubules and causes severe back pain?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Renal calculi

  2. Uremia

  3. Kidney failure

  4. Nephritis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Kidney stones are also called urine calculi. Urine calculi are small stones which are hard deposit in the kidneys and cause blockage of the kidney tubules and cause pain when are passed through the urinary stream. They are often calcium oxalate crystals. Hence the disease that shows the blockage of kidney tubules and causes severe back pain is Renal calculi.
So, the correct answer is 'Renal calculi'.

The accumulation of urea in the blood due to malfunctioning of kidneys is referred to as 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Uremia

  2. Renal calculi

  3. Edema

  4. Glomerulonephritis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Urea is one of the primary component of the urine. Uremia is the condition having excess amount of urea in the blood. Uremia is the disease due to kidney failure, in which urea and other nitrogenous waste materials which should eliminated through urine are retained and accumulated in the blood.

Excessive accumulation of uric acid in joints causes _________.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Tetany

  2. Osteo arthritis

  3. Gout

  4. Osteoporosis

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Gout is a painful form of arthritis that occurs when high levels of uric acid in the blood cause crystals to form and accumulate in and around a joint. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down a chemical called purine. 

So, the correct option is 'Gout'.