Tag: disorders of kidney

Questions Related to disorders of kidney

One of the following is not a component of kidney stones.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Calcium Oxalate

  2. Calcium Phosphate

  3. Cholesterol

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: A

Inadequate consumption of water may result in the formation of kidney stones.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. True

  2. False

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

True, when we have too much of certain wastes and not enough fluid in your blood, the wastes can build up and stick together in kidneys and these clumps of waste are called kidney stones.

Urinary tract infection is more common in men than in women. 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. True

  2. False

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Correct Option: B

In man, the kidney stones are formed due to

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Blockage by fats

  2. Deposition of sand in kidney

  3. Protein accumulation in kidneys

  4. Salts such as oxalates are crystallised in pelvis.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In man, the kidney stones are formed due to salts such as oxalates are crystallised in pelvis.

  • A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract.
  • Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume and/or an excess of stone-forming substances in the urine.
  • Dehydration is a major risk factor for kidney stone formation.
  • Symptoms of a kidney stone include flank pain (the pain can be quite severe) and blood in the urine (hematuria).
  • Diagnosis of kidney stones is best accomplished using an ultrasound, IVP, or a CT scan.
  • Treatment includes pain-control medications and, in some cases, medications to facilitate the passage of urine.

Most common kidney stones are made up of

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Magnesium phosphate

  2. Calcium oxalate

  3. Uric acid

  4. Cholesterol

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
There are four main types of kidney stones. Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stones. They are usually made of calcium and oxalate (a natural chemical found in most foods) but are sometimes made of calcium and phosphate. Uric acid stones form when urine is often too acidic.
So, the correct option is 'Calcium oxalate'.

Which one of following statements is false?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Presence of albumin in urine is albuminuria.

  2. Presence of glucose in urine is glycosuria.

  3. Presence of ketone sugar in urine is ketonuria.

  4. Presence of excess urea in blood is uremia.

  5. Presence of haemoglobin in urine is haemoglobinuria.

  6. None of the above.

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Correct Option: F
Explanation:

Ketones are the end products of fatty acid metabolism in absence of glucose. These ketones are excreted through urine.

Blackening of urine when exposed to air is a metabolic
disorder in human beings. This is due to

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Phenylalanine

  2. Tyrosine

  3. Valine replacing glutamine

  4. Homogentistic acid

  5. Glumine replacing valine

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Alkaptonuria is an inherited condition that causes urine to turn black when exposed to air. Mutations in the HGD gene cause alkaptonuria. Homogentisic acid, which is produced when phenylalanine and tyrosine are broken down, accumulates in the body. Excess homogentisic acid is deposited in connective tissues, which causes cartilage and skin to darken. Over time, a buildup of this substance in the joints leads to arthritis. Homogentisic acid is also excreted in urine, making the urine turn dark when exposed to air.

The depression at the mesial surface of the kidney is called.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Hilus

  2. Pelvis

  3. Pyramid

  4. Calyx

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Correct Option: A

In uraemia, there is

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Increased urine output

  2. Increased urea in blood

  3. Increased serum cholesterol

  4. Increased blood sugar.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Uremia is the presence of excess urea in the blood. It may occur due to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.

So, the correct answer is 'Increased urea in blood'.

Occurrence of excess urea in blood due to kidney failure is

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Urochrome

  2. Uraemia

  3. Uricotelism

  4. Ureotelism

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Uremia is the presence of excess urea in the blood. It may occur due to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Hence occurrence of excess urea in the blood due to kidney failure is uremia.

So, the correct answer is 'Uraemia'.