Tag: disorders of kidney

Questions Related to disorders of kidney

Which of the following disease shows the blockage of kidney tubules and causes severe back pain?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Renal calculi

  2. Kidney failure

  3. Uremia

  4. Nephritis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Renal calculi is also called as kidney stones. Renal calculi mainly contains calcium oxalate. It also includes cystine stones or uric acid stones. It results in the blockage of kidney tubules by a solid mass of crystals. It causes severe pain in the back, abdomen, flank and groin. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Select correct option for the following statement.
(a) It occurs due to bacterial infection
(b) Back pain
(c) Frequent urination
(d) It is an inflammation of renal pelvis, intestinal tissue and calyces.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Uremia

  2. Renal Calculi

  3. Kidney failure

  4. Nephritis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Nephritis is the inflammation of kidneys. renal pelvis, intestinal tissue and calyces. It occurs due to bacterial infection or toxins. Symptoms include back pain, pain in pelvis, frequent urination, blood or pus in urine, swelling in some body parts. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'nephritis.'

One of the following is not a component of kidney stones. 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Calcium Oxalte

  2. Calcium Phosphate

  3. Cholesterol

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Kidney stones or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals. Calcium stones are the most common. They can be made of calcium oxalate (most common), phosphate or maleate.

Uraemia is an excretory disorder in which

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. The tubules of kidney reabsorb urea in large amount.

  2. Concentration of urea goes high in the blood because the tubules are not able to remove it from the blood.

  3. Urea is produced in excess in the body.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Uraemia is the toxic effects of abnormally high concentrations of urea or nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of the kidneys failure to expel these waste products by way of the urine. The end products of protein metabolism accumulate in the blood but are normally filtered out when the blood passes through the kidneys. Uraemia can result from any disorder that impairs the functioning of the kidneys or that hinders the excretion of urine from the body. 

Urine is dark yellow color in hepatitis patients.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. Data insufficient

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hepatitis causes liver failure or liver cancer. Due to this the functioning of liver disturbs drastically. This results in jaundice being one of the symptoms of hepatitis. Thus excretes dark yellow colored urine.

Diuretics are substances that help eliminate water from the body. Few volunteers were taken into the study, all of which had same mass. They drank nothing for eight hours before the test and urinated just prior to ingesting the test substance. The three substances (water, caffeine, and salt) were tested on three separate days. The results are shown in the tables below.
Table 1

Volunteer Amount of caffeine ingested(in 100 ml water) Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 50 mg 302 ml
B 100 mg 492 ml
C 150 mg 667 ml
D 200 mg 863 ml


Table 2

Volunteer Amount of sodium chloride ingested(in 100 ml water) Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 0.9 g 201 ml
B 1.8 g 162 ml
C 2.7 g 125 ml
D 3.6 g 82 ml

Table 3

Volunteer Volume of water ingested Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 100 ml 230 ml
B 200 ml 240 ml
C 300 ml 252 ml
D 400 ml 263 ml


Which of the following substances could be classified as a diuretic?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Caffeine

  2. Sodium

  3. Water

  4. Both A and B

  5. Both A and C

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Diuretics are substances that cause an increase in the production of urine. In the given table 1, as the concentration of caffeine ingestion increases, volume of urine increases. Same results can be made from table 3 that is the volume of urine collected increases with the volume of water ingested but In table 2 as the concentration of sodium chloride ingested, the volume of urine decreases gradually. So, water and caffeine can be classified as a diuretic. Thus, the correct answer is 'Both A and C.'

Which of the following will not lead to a diuresis ?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Excessive Sweating

  2. Deficiency of ADH

  3. Deficiency of insulin

  4. Excessive of water intake

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Diuresis is nothing but the excessive production urine in a person’s body. it could be due to excessive water intake or due to the deficiency of ADH. Low levels of insulin also trigger diuresis. However, excessive sweating acts as a counteracting measure and decreases the urine production and release from the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Excessive Sweating'.

Diuretics are substances that help eliminate water from the body. Few volunteers were taken into the study, all of which had same mass. They drank nothing for eight hours before the test and urinated just prior to ingesting the test substance. The three substances (water, caffeine, and salt) were tested on three separate days. The results are shown in the tables below.
Table-1

Volunteer Amount caffeine ingested(in 100 ml water) Volume urine collected after 1 hour
A 50 mg 302 ml
B 100 mg 492 ml
C 150 mg 667 ml
D 200 mg 863 ml

Table-2

Volunteer Amount sodium chloride ingested(in 100 ml water)    Volume urine collected after 1 hour
A 0.9 g 201 ml
B 1.8 g 162 ml
C 2.7 g 125 ml
D 3.6 g 82 ml

Table-3

Volunteer Volume water ingested Volume urine collected after 1 hour
A 100 ml 230 ml
B 200 ml 240 ml
C 300 ml 252 ml
D 400 ml 263 ml


The reason of ingesting the plain water was to

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Rehydrate the volunteers

  2. Dissolve the substances

  3. Act as a control

  4. Flush out the kidneys

  5. Act as a positive test substance

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Because the caffeine and the sodium chloride were dissolved in water, plain water was consumed as a control to make sure the effects seen were due to the added substances and not the water. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Diuretics are substances that help eliminate water from the body. Few volunteers were taken into the study, all of which had same mass. They drank nothing for eight hours before the test and urinated just prior to ingesting the test substance. The three substances (water, caffeine, and salt) were tested on three separate days. The results are shown in the tables below.
Table-1

Volunteer Amount of caffeine ingested(in 100 ml water)    Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 50 mg 302 ml
B 100 mg 492 ml
C 150 mg 667 ml
D 200 mg 863 ml

Table-2

Volunteer Amount of sodium chloride ingested(in 100 ml water) Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 0.9 g 201 ml
B 1.8 g 162 ml
C 2.7 g 125 ml
D 3.6 g 82 ml

Table-3

Volunteer Volume of urine collected after 1 hour Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 100 ml 230 ml
B 200 ml 240 ml
C 300 ml 252 ml
D 400 ml 263 ml


If a volunteer had ingest 4.5 g sodium chloride dissolved in 100 ml water, what would had be the amount of urine volume collected after one hour?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. 20 ml

  2. 30 ml

  3. 40 ml

  4. 50 ml

  5. 60 ml

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
From the table, as the increase in sodium chloride of 0.9 g results in the decrease in urine volume of approximately 40 ml. When 3.6 g sodium chloride is ingested, 82 ml urine is produced. Thus on ingesting 4.5 g sodium chloride, the expected urine volume would be 40 ml less than 82 ml i.e., 42 ml.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Find the odd one out, with respect to X-linkage.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Haemophilia

  2. Myopia

  3. Nephritis

  4. Night blindness

Show answer
Correct Option: C