Tag: kidney dialysis

Questions Related to kidney dialysis

Blackening of urine when exposed to air is a metabolic
disorder in human beings. This is due to

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Phenylalanine

  2. Tyrosine

  3. Valine replacing glutamine

  4. Homogentistic acid

  5. Glumine replacing valine

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Alkaptonuria is an inherited condition that causes urine to turn black when exposed to air. Mutations in the HGD gene cause alkaptonuria. Homogentisic acid, which is produced when phenylalanine and tyrosine are broken down, accumulates in the body. Excess homogentisic acid is deposited in connective tissues, which causes cartilage and skin to darken. Over time, a buildup of this substance in the joints leads to arthritis. Homogentisic acid is also excreted in urine, making the urine turn dark when exposed to air.

The depression at the mesial surface of the kidney is called.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Hilus

  2. Pelvis

  3. Pyramid

  4. Calyx

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Correct Option: A

In uraemia, there is

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Increased urine output

  2. Increased urea in blood

  3. Increased serum cholesterol

  4. Increased blood sugar.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Uremia is the presence of excess urea in the blood. It may occur due to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.

So, the correct answer is 'Increased urea in blood'.

Occurrence of excess urea in blood due to kidney failure is

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Urochrome

  2. Uraemia

  3. Uricotelism

  4. Ureotelism

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Uremia is the presence of excess urea in the blood. It may occur due to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Hence occurrence of excess urea in the blood due to kidney failure is uremia.

So, the correct answer is 'Uraemia'.

Uraemia is the occurrence of

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Blood in urine

  2. Excess of urea in blood

  3. Excess of sugar in blood

  4. Deficiency of sugar

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Uremia is caused by extreme and usually irreversible damage to your kidneys. This is usually from chronic kidney disease. The kidneys are no longer able to filter the waste from your body and send it out through your urine. Instead, that waste gets into your bloodstream, causing a potentially life-threatening condition.

So, the correct option is 'Excess of urea in blood'.

Haemodialysis helps the patient having

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Goitre

  2. Anaemia

  3. Uremia

  4. Diabetes

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hemodialysis is the most common type of dialysis. This process uses an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer) to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. The blood is removed from the body and filtered through the artificial kidney. The filtered blood is then returned to the body with the help of a dialysis machine.

So, the correct option is 'Uremia'.

Chemical composition of renal calculi, besides uric acid is

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Bile salts

  2. Barium chloride

  3. Zinc sulphate

  4. Calcium oxalate

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Approximately 70-80% of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Of the rest, 10% are struvite, 10% of uric acid; and less than 1% are composed of cystine or are diagnosed as drug-related stones. Calcium and uric acid stones are more common in men; women have more struvite stones.
So, the correct option is 'Calcium oxalate'.

Renal calculi are formed due to

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Calcium oxalate crystals accumulation

  2. Bacterial infection

  3. Clotting of blood

  4. Presence of hard particles in food

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Kidney stones are also called urine calculi. Urine calculi are small stones which are hard deposit in the kidneys and cause pain when are passed through the urinary stream. They are formed often to do accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals.

So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.

Accumulation of urea in blood due to malfunctioning of kidneys is

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Edema

  2. Uremia

  3. Renal calculi

  4. Glomerulonephritis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Accumulation of urea in the blood due to malfunctioning of kidneys is Uremia. It may occur due to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.
So, the correct answer is 'Option B'.

Urine calculi are

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Bile pigments

  2. Protein particles

  3. Ketones

  4. Small stones

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Kidney stones are also called urine calculi. Urine calculi are small stones which are hard deposit in the kidneys and cause pain when are passed through the urinary stream. They are often calcium oxalate crystals.

So, the correct answer is 'Small stones"