Tag: kidney dialysis

Questions Related to kidney dialysis

Which of the following will not lead to a diuresis ?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Excessive Sweating

  2. Deficiency of ADH

  3. Deficiency of insulin

  4. Excessive of water intake

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Diuresis is nothing but the excessive production urine in a person’s body. it could be due to excessive water intake or due to the deficiency of ADH. Low levels of insulin also trigger diuresis. However, excessive sweating acts as a counteracting measure and decreases the urine production and release from the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Excessive Sweating'.

Diuretics are substances that help eliminate water from the body. Few volunteers were taken into the study, all of which had same mass. They drank nothing for eight hours before the test and urinated just prior to ingesting the test substance. The three substances (water, caffeine, and salt) were tested on three separate days. The results are shown in the tables below.
Table-1

Volunteer Amount caffeine ingested(in 100 ml water) Volume urine collected after 1 hour
A 50 mg 302 ml
B 100 mg 492 ml
C 150 mg 667 ml
D 200 mg 863 ml

Table-2

Volunteer Amount sodium chloride ingested(in 100 ml water)    Volume urine collected after 1 hour
A 0.9 g 201 ml
B 1.8 g 162 ml
C 2.7 g 125 ml
D 3.6 g 82 ml

Table-3

Volunteer Volume water ingested Volume urine collected after 1 hour
A 100 ml 230 ml
B 200 ml 240 ml
C 300 ml 252 ml
D 400 ml 263 ml


The reason of ingesting the plain water was to

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Rehydrate the volunteers

  2. Dissolve the substances

  3. Act as a control

  4. Flush out the kidneys

  5. Act as a positive test substance

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Because the caffeine and the sodium chloride were dissolved in water, plain water was consumed as a control to make sure the effects seen were due to the added substances and not the water. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Diuretics are substances that help eliminate water from the body. Few volunteers were taken into the study, all of which had same mass. They drank nothing for eight hours before the test and urinated just prior to ingesting the test substance. The three substances (water, caffeine, and salt) were tested on three separate days. The results are shown in the tables below.
Table-1

Volunteer Amount of caffeine ingested(in 100 ml water)    Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 50 mg 302 ml
B 100 mg 492 ml
C 150 mg 667 ml
D 200 mg 863 ml

Table-2

Volunteer Amount of sodium chloride ingested(in 100 ml water) Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 0.9 g 201 ml
B 1.8 g 162 ml
C 2.7 g 125 ml
D 3.6 g 82 ml

Table-3

Volunteer Volume of urine collected after 1 hour Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 100 ml 230 ml
B 200 ml 240 ml
C 300 ml 252 ml
D 400 ml 263 ml


If a volunteer had ingest 4.5 g sodium chloride dissolved in 100 ml water, what would had be the amount of urine volume collected after one hour?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. 20 ml

  2. 30 ml

  3. 40 ml

  4. 50 ml

  5. 60 ml

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
From the table, as the increase in sodium chloride of 0.9 g results in the decrease in urine volume of approximately 40 ml. When 3.6 g sodium chloride is ingested, 82 ml urine is produced. Thus on ingesting 4.5 g sodium chloride, the expected urine volume would be 40 ml less than 82 ml i.e., 42 ml.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Find the odd one out, with respect to X-linkage.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Haemophilia

  2. Myopia

  3. Nephritis

  4. Night blindness

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Antidiuretic hormone is put into the blood by the

biology animal physiology kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Pituitary gland

  3. Liver

  4. Small intestine

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that is produced in a part of the brain called as the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. ADH acts on the kidneys to control the amount of water excreted in the urine

So, the correct answer is 'Pituitary gland'

Uraemia is an excretory disorder in which

biology animal physiology kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

  1. The tubules of kidney reabsorb urea in large amount

  2. Concentration of urea goes high in the blood because the tubules are not able to remove it from the blood

  3. Urea is produced in excess in the body

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Urea is very soluble and a small molecule, so it is relatively easily passed out by the kidneys as a solution in water. Uraemia is an excretory disorder in which there is increased level of urea in the blood. It is caused due to the renal failure. In uremia, the tubular absorption of urea in collecting duct is inhibited. Progressive weakness and easy fatigue, loss of appetite due to nausea and vomiting, muscle atrophy, are some common symptoms of ureamia.